Use validated bleeding risk tools (e.g., ARC-HBR) to guide anticoagulation decisions.

Standardize anticoagulation protocols and align with best practices for vascular access.

Prioritize radial access to reduce bleeding complications; apply closure devices for femoral cases when appropriate.

Embed bleeding risk pathways into EMR order sets for real-time decision support.

Conduct  Root Cause Analysis RCAs for all major bleeding events to identify systemic gaps.

Train staff on bleeding avoidance strategies, including bivalirudin use and meticulous technique.

Apply FMEA to proactively identify and address bleeding risk across workflows.

Monitor and increase radial access and closure device utilization to drive continuous improvement.